小麦热激蛋白转录因子C家族基因的结构及其在干旱胁迫中的表达

小麦热激蛋白转录因子在热胁迫和耐热性产生的过程中发挥重要作用。为进一步了解小麦热激蛋白转录因子C亚家族,本研究采用全基因组信息保守结构域比对和进化聚类分析,共鉴定了24个小麦TaHsfC基因,并对TaHsfC亚家族成员染色体定位、基因结构、亚细胞定位、对应蛋白质的氨基酸特点、基因表达进行了分析。结果表明,24个TaHsfCs主要分布在5条染色体上,其中A基因组中有7个,B基因组中9个,D基因组中有6个,另外两个所在染色体位置不清楚。TaHsfCs含有0～2个内含子,其中 TaHsfC1亚族基因含有1～2个内含子, TaHsfC2亚族基因则含有0～1个内含子。聚类分析表明,小麦TaHsfC成员共分为 TaHsfC1和 TaHsfC2两个亚族。24个TaHsfCs成员全部定位于细胞核。在15%PEG模拟干旱条件下,干旱敏感品种矮抗58和耐旱品种晋麦47中有10个TaHsfC基因显著上调表达,其中 TaHsfC2亚族基因的表达量上调倍数均高于 TaHsfC1亚族基因(其中 TaHsfC2j和 TaHsfC2k未在晋麦47中检测到表达量)。本研究可为探索小麦热激蛋白转录因子C家族基因在小麦抗旱中的分子机制提供一定的理论支撑。     

茂兰自然保护区森林景观格局变化分析

本文以2011年和2017的森林调查成果化数据为基础,依据不同优势树种组,采用景观格局指数法,从组成结构、斑块特征、景观异质性和空间分布4方面分析2011年和2017年茂兰自然保护区的森林景观格局及其变化。结果表明：林地面积增加了654.08 hm²；森林优势树种数量从15种增加至30种；景观面积(CA)最大的均为阔叶混交树种组,增加了1286.33hm²；斑块平均大小(MpS)最大的均为阔叶混交树种组,增加了471.80 hm²；面积加权的平均形状指数(AWMSI)和面积加权的平均分形指数(AWMPFD)最大值均为阔叶混交树种组；景观斑块边缘密度(ED)最大值均为阔叶混交树种组；阔叶混交树种组的平均最小距离(ENN)减少。从2011年2017年研究区的主要优势树种组阔叶混交树种组得以保护,这与人为干扰的减少有关。     

国土空间背景下的城市绿色空间体系规划研究

国土空间规划是生态文明建设的重要内容,也是国土空间治理体系现代化的基础,探讨在国土空间背景下的绿色空间体系规划、划定严格的空间保护建设等级和严格分类管理,对于国土资源统筹保护和修复具有重要的意义。文章以北京市二道绿隔平原区为研究区域,首先提出适用于二道绿隔地区的绿色空间定义;其次从基质完形、廊道构建和斑块保护3方面构建完整的绿色空间体系;最后综合提出绿色空间体系的优化对策。     

基于森林资源调查的北京西山油松人工林生物量动态变化研究

基于森林资源调查数据分析西山林场油松人工林生物量多年动态变化情况,结果表明:2004-2014年,油松人工林以近熟林和成熟林为主,成熟林面积和生物量大幅增长,幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林面积和生物量明显减少,单位面积生物量及生产力最高的立地类型为低阴中松,单位面积生物量按大小排序:阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>针叶混交林>针叶纯林。     

林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的熨平效应分析——以我国黑龙江省为例

文中利用HP滤波法对林业产出、林业资本、林业劳动、林业产业结构升级以及林业生态政策进行趋势成分剥离，从而得到相应的波动指标；在此基础上构建时变参数状态空间模型分析林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的影响，并以我国黑龙江省为例进行实证分析。结果表明:黑龙江省林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动具有明显的熨平效应，但是随着时间的推移这种熨平效应愈加平稳。     

Changes in the relationship between species richness and belowground biomass among grassland types and along environmental gradients in Xinjiang,Northwest China

The association between biodiversity and belowground biomass (BGB) remains a central debate in ecology. In this study, we compared the variations in species richness (SR) and BGB as well as their interaction in the top (0-20 cm), middle (20-50 cm) and deep (50-100 cm) soil depths among 8 grassland types (lowland meadow, temperate desert, temperate desert steppe, temperate steppe desert, temperate steppe, temperate meadow steppe, mountain meadow and alpine steppe) and along environmental gradients (elevation, energy condition (annual mean temperature (AMT) and potential evapotranspiration (PET)), and mean annual precipitation (MAP)) based on a 2011-2013 survey of 379 sites in Xinjiang, Northwest China. The SR and BGB varied among the grassland types. The alpine steppe had a medium level of SR but the highest BGB in the top soil depth, whereas the lowland meadow had the lowest SR but the highest BGB in the middle and deep soil depths. The SR and BGB in the different soil depths were tightly associated with elevation, MAP and energy condition; however, the particular forms of trends in SR and BGB depended on environmental factors and soil depths. The relationship between SR and BGB was unimodal in the top soil depth, but SR was positively related with BGB in the middle soil depth. Although elevation, MAP, energy condition and SR had significant effects on BGB, the variations in BGB in the top soil depth were mostly determined by elevation, and those in the middle and deep soil depths were mainly affected by energy condition. These findings highlight the importance of environmental factors in the regulations of SR and BGB as well as their interaction in the grasslands in Xinjiang.     

Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis,China

Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10⁷ m³ following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10³ hm² by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.     

基于GEE的山东省近30年农业大棚时空动态变化研究

针对精确获取大尺度空间范围内农业大棚的分布情况并进行长时间的序列动态监测存在数据量大、计算效率低、精度不高等问题,利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台能够实现快速存取、实时处理海量卫星数据,基于多时相Landsat影像进行农业大棚时序光谱特征和纹理特征的自动提取,采用随机森林算法实现山东省农业大棚的遥感分类,从而生成了山东省近30年农业大棚的空间分布和时空动态变化图。结果表明,本文分类流程具有较高的分类精度,其平均总体精度达到91.63%,Kappa系数均值为0.8642。经分析,山东省农业大棚从1990年的6.67 km^2增加到2018年的9919.40 km^2,增长速度为354.03 km^2/a。     

基于局部均衡模型的中国羊肉市场供需变动分析

对中国羊肉市场供需变动情况进行深入分析,并运用局部均衡模型探究中国羊肉市场供给与需求相互变动的主要原因,最后运用ARIMA模型预测方法对中国未来羊肉供需变化进行预测分析。研究结果表明,中国羊肉市场需求的满足以国内市场供给为主,2017年国内供需缺口为74.28万t,约是1994年的3.82倍,供需缺口有扩大倾向。上一期肉羊存栏量、肉羊胴体质量水平、羊肉市场价格均显著影响国内羊肉市场供给量;上一期人均消费量与收入水平是影响城镇与农村居民当期人均消费量的重要因素;国际羊肉价格对国内羊肉出口量产生显著正向影响。在未来一段时期内,中国羊肉产量将保持稳定增长,羊肉消费量进一步增加,预计到2030年达到843.03万t,羊肉进口量较大幅度提高,可一定程度弥补国内羊肉供需缺口。为此,一方面需通过技术与政策支持大力发展国内肉羊产业,另一方面也需积极开拓国际市场,加强贸易协作。